List of Major Crops and Required Geo-Climatic Condition Across the World
The Geo-Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather is the state of the atmosphere over short periods of time. Weather can change from hour to hour, day to day, month to month or even year to year. A region’s weather patterns, tracked for more than 30 years, are considered its climate. Here, we are giving the list of Major Crops and required Geo-climatic condition across the world which will be helpful for the entire preparation journey of aspirants.1. Rice
Temperature: 15°-27° CRainfall: 100- 150 cm
Soil: Heavy-clayey to-clayey-loam
Producers: China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Leading exporter in the world: Thailand
2. Wheat
Temperature: 12°-25°CRainfall: 25-75 cm
Soil: well-drained-light clay to heavy clay
Producers: China, India, USA, Russia, Australia, Canada, Pakistan, France, and Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
3. Maize
Temperature: 15°-27°CRainfall: 65-125 cm
Soil: Deep-heavy clay to light sandy loam
Producers: USA, China, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Romania, India, and South Africa.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
4. Millets
Temperature: 20°-35°CRainfall: 25-75 cm
Soil: Sandy-loam to clayey loam
Producers: China, USA, India, Nigeria, Ukraine, Thailand, Russia, and Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
5. Bajra (Pearl Millet)
Temperature: 25°-35°CRainfall: 25-60 cm
Soil: Sandy loam to loam
Producers: In India: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh.
6. Pulses (Kharif)
Temperature: 20° -27°CRainfall: 25-60 cm
Soil: Sandy-loam Producers: In India: Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
7. Lentil (Rabi)
Temperature: 15° to 25°CRainfall: 25 to 50 cm
Soil: Loamy to clayey loam
Producers: Mediterranean countries of Europe, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, China, India: (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal
8. Oilseeds
Temperature: 15°-30°CRainfall: 30-50 cm
Soil: loam to clayey loam
Producers: In India: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttarakhand.
9. Groundnut
Temperature: 20°-30°CRainfall: 50-75 cm
Soil: well-drained-sandy loams, red and black cotton
Producers: India, China, USA, Sudan, Senegal, Indonesia, Argentina, Myanmar.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
10. Sugarcane
Temperature: 20°-35°CRainfall: 85-165 cm
Soil: Well-drained alluvium, black, red and brown regur soil
Producers: Brazil, India, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Mexico, Cuba, Colombia.
Leading exporter: Brazil
11. Sugar beet
Temperature: 10°-25°CRainfall: 25-50 cm
Soil: Well-drained-loamy soil Producers: France, USA, Germany, Russia, China, Ukraine, Poland, Turkey, Leading exporter in the world: France
12. Cotton
Temperature: 18°-27°CRainfall: 60-110 cm
Soil: well-drained loam, and regur (black-earth)
Producers: China, USA, India, Brazil, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt, Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: USA
13. Tea
Temperature: 15° -35°CRainfall: 100-250 cm
Soil: well-drained, light loamy Soil Producers: India, China, Sri-Lanka, Kenya, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Turkey.
Leading exporter in the world: India.
14. Coffee
Temperature: 15°-28°CRainfall: 125-225 cm
Soil: well-drained alluvial Soil Producers: Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Ivory-Coast, Mexico, Ghana, Cameroon, India.
Leading exporter in the world: Brazil
15. Cocoa
Temperature: 18°-35°CRainfall: 100-250 cm
Soil: well-drained alluvium
Producers: Ivory-Coast, Ghana, Indonesia, Brazil, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ecuador, Costa-Rica.
Leading exporter in the world: Ivory-Coast
16. Rubber
Temperature: 27°CRainfall: 150-250 cm
Soil: rich-well-drained alluvial Soil
Producers: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China, Sri-Lanka, Liberia, Brazil.
Leading exporter in the world: Thailand.
17. Jute
Temperature: 25°-35°CRainfall: about 150-250 cm
Soil: Well drained alluvial Soil
Producers: Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand, Myanmar, Brazil and Nepal.
Leading exporter: Bangladesh
18. Flax
Temperature: 10°-20°CRainfall: 15-20 cm
Soil: Rich loam or clayey loam
Producers: In India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and the Jammu Division of J & K
19. Coconut
Temperature: 27°CRainfall: 100-250 cm, up-to 600 m above the sea level
Soil: lateritic red, sandy alluvial sandy
Producers: In India: Kerala (55%), Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Goa, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
20. Oil-palm
Temperature: 27°-33°C (maximum), 22°-24°C (minimum)Rainfall: 250-400 cm well distributed in the year
Soil: Deep-loamy and alluvial soil
Producers: India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Gujarat, Goa, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and West Bengal
21. Clove
Temperature: 25°-35°CRainfall: 200- 250 cm
Soil: Red alluvial Soil
Producers: In India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar
22. Black Pepper
Temperature: 15°C to 40°CRainfall: 200-300'cm. Height up-to 1500 m above sea level
Soil: rich in hums, red-loam to sandy loam, and red lateritic sandy loam
Producers: In India: Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Pondicherry
23. Cardamom
Temperature: 10°-35°CRainfall: 150-400 cm, height 600-1500 m
Soil: well-drained lateritic
Producers: In India: Kerala (60%), Karnataka (30%), and Tamil Nadu (10 %).
24. Turmeric
Temperature: 20°-30°CRainfall: 150-250 cm
Soil: well-drained clayey loam or red loamy soil
Producers: In India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
The climatic zones can be grouped into the following types: Tropical; Monsoon; Dry; Warm; Cool; Cold. In the above list of Major Crops and required Geo-climatic condition across the world gives a quick recap of the major crops which are grown in different climatic conditions.
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